![]() ![]() Some types of amber are found in the ground. ![]() These fossilized bits of once-living things were trapped in the hardening amber, creating a fascinating time capsule. Scientists and collectors treasure amber that contains suspended animal or plant fragments. Amber formed tens of millions of years ago when sap from ancient trees hardened and fossilized. Organic gems are the products of living or once-living organisms and biological processes. This color-change phenomenon is called “The Alexandrite Effect.” Alexandrite is the birthstone for June, along with Pearl and Moonstone, and the gem for the 55th wedding anniversary.Īmber is an organic gem. ![]() Its color can be a lovely green in daylight or fluorescent light, changing to brownish or purplish-red in the incandescent light from a lamp or candle flame. The most impressive feature about this stone is its surprising ability to change its color under different forms of light. Therefore, because of its scarcity, especially in larger sizes, it is among the most expensive gemstones in the world. Alexandrite is a very attractive and rare stone. The stone was discovered in 1830 in Russia and named after Czar Alexander II, who was then Crown Prince of Russia. Sapphire is the birthstone for September and the gem for the 5th and 45th anniversaries.Īlexandrite is a variety of the mineral Chrysoberyl. Value of this gemstone depends on its size, color, and transparency. The Sapphire gemstone symbolizes harmony, friendship, and loyalty. Sapphire is the most precious and desirable blue gemstone, due to its color, hardness, durability, and luster. Generally, the name 'Sapphire' in its plain context refers only to blue Sapphire unless a prefix color is specified. They come in colors like purple, orange, pink, gray, black, brown, green and colorless. When the trace elements are iron and titanium, the corundum is blue Sapphire. Pure blue is the main color of the Sapphire, but it ranges from greenish blue to violetish blue. Besides blue Sapphire and red Ruby, the Corundum family also includes the 'Fancy Sapphires'. But colorless Corundum is rare, most Corundum contains trace elements that become part of the mineral’s crystal structure and cause variations in its color. In its purest state, the mineral Corundum is actually colorless, colorless sapphires were once popular diamond imitations. Its physical and chemical properties are virtually similar to the properties of Ruby. Sapphire is also a variety of the mineral Corundum and represents all the colors except red Corundum, which is Ruby. ![]() Ruby is the birthstone for July and the gem for the 15th and 40th anniversaries. The name Ruby derives from Latin 'Rubens' meaning 'Red'. Transparent rubies of large sizes are even rarer than diamonds. The most prized tint is blood red or crimson known in the trade as 'pigeon's blood' red. For thousands of years, the ruby has been considered one of the most valuable gemstones on Earth and is still today one of the most important gems in the colored stone market. It has everything a precious stone should have: outstanding brilliance, excellent hardness, durability, luster, rarity, and most important its magnificent color. Therefore only red corundum is entitled to be called Ruby, all other colors being classified as Sapphires. When the trace elements are chromium, the corundum is red Ruby. In its purest state, the mineral Corundum is actually colorless, colorless Sapphires were once popular diamond imitations. Ruby is the red variety of the mineral Corundum, one of the hardest minerals on Earth, of which the Sapphire is also a variety. Emerald is the birthstone for May and the gem for the 20th and 35th anniversaries. These practices will remove the oil and expose the hidden internal flaws. The name Emerald derives from the Greek 'Smaragdos' meaning 'Green Stone'. Emeralds that were treated to mask internal flaws should never be cleaned with an ultrasonic jewelry cleaner, nor should they be washed with soap. Flawless emerald stones are very uncommon and are noted for their high value, sometimes even more than diamonds. Deep green is the most desired color in emeralds. Its beautiful green color, combined with durability and rarity, makes it one of the most valuable gemstones. Emerald is one of the most fascinating and beautiful gemstones. Diamond is described extensively in the Diamonds section.įancy Colored Diamond is described extensively in the Fancy Colored Diamond section.Įmerald is the green to a greenish-blue variety of the mineral Beryl, a mineral species that also includes the variety Aquamarine and others. ![]()
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